XHTML 1.1 推荐标准
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XHTML™ 1.1 - 基于模块的 XHTML
W3C 推荐标准 31 May 2001
当前版本:
http://www.w3.org/TR/2001/REC-xhtml11-20010531 (http://www.w3.org/TR/2001/REC-xhtml11-20010531)
(Single file version (http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/xhtml11.html), PostScript version (http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/xhtml11.ps), PDF version (http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/xhtml11.pdf), ZIP archive (http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/xhtml11.zip), or Gzip'd TAR archive (http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/xhtml11.tgz))
最新版本:
http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11 (http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11)
Previous version:
http://www.w3.org/TR/2001/PR-xhtml11-20010406 (http://www.w3.org/TR/2001/PR-xhtml11-20010406)
Editors:
Murray Altheim (mailto:murray.altheim@sun.com), Sun Microsystems (http://www.sun.com/)
Shane McCarron (mailto:s.mccarron@opengroup.org), Applied Testing and Technology (http://www.aptest.com/)
Copyright (http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice-20000612#Copyright) ©2001 W3C® (MIT, INRIA, Keio (http://www.keio.ac.jp/)), All Rights Reserved. W3C liability (http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice-20000612#Legal_Disclaimer), trademark (http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice-20000612#W3C_Trademarks), document use (http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/copyright-documents-19990405) and software licensing (http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/copyright-software-19980720) rules apply.
摘要
该推荐标准定义了一种新的XHTML文档类型，它基于模块框架以及在模块化XHTML[XHTMLMOD (http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/xhtml11.html#ref_xhtml_modularization)]中所定义的模块。该文档类型的目的在于成为今后各类扩展XHTML“家族”(extended XHTML 'family')文档类型的基础，并能提供一个稳定的、具有前瞻性的文档类型;而且它完全与那些由HTML 4[HTML4 (http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/xhtml11.html#ref_html4)] 带到XHTML 1.0 各文档类型[XHTML1 (http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/xhtml11.html#ref_xhtml1)]当中的不被建议的残留特性完全分离开来。 该文档实际上是使用 XHTML 模块 (XHTML Modules)将 XHTML 1.0 Strict重新构建。 这表明很多在其他XHTML家族的文档类型中(例如: XHTML Frames)可用的特性将不可用于本文档类型。这些其他的特性可以通过在 模块化XHTML(Modularization of XHTML)中所定义的模块来实现，并且文档作者能够自由的在XHTML 1.1基础之上定义使用这些特性的文档类型(参阅: [XHTMLMOD (http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/xhtml11.html#ref_xhtml_modularization)] for information on creating new document types)。
摘要
本推荐定义了一个新的XHTML文档类型，它基于模块定义和模块化XHTML（Modularization of XHTML）标准之上。[XHTMLMOD (http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/xhtml11.html#ref_xhtml_modularization)]. 此文档类型的目的是作为将来扩展XHTML家族文档类型的基础, 并提供一个从被诟病的HTML4[HTML4 (http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/xhtml11.html#ref_html4)]中分离出来的，一致的，清晰的，向前兼容的文档类型，这个就是新的XHTML 1.0 [XHTML1 (http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/xhtml11.html#ref_xhtml1)] 文档类型. 这个文档类型本质上来说是一个严格遵循XHTML模型重新生成的XHTML 1.0。 这就意味着在XHTML家族的其他文档类型（如 XHML Frames）中有些可用的特性在XHTML 1.1中将视为无效。代码作者可以通过在基于模块化的XHTML 1.1文档中定义的组件使用这些特性(详情请察看“创建新的文档类型”[XHTMLMOD (http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/xhtml11.html#ref_xhtml_modularization)]).
本文档状态
This section describes the status of this document at the time of its publication. Other documents may supersede this document. The latest status of this document series is maintained at the W3C.
This document has been reviewed by W3C Members and other interested parties and has been endorsed by the Director as a W3C Recommendation. It is a stable document and may be used as reference material or cited as a normative reference from another document. W3C's role in making the Recommendation is to draw attention to the specification and to promote its widespread deployment. This enhances the functionality and interoperability of the Web.
This document has been produced by the W3C HTML Working Group (http://www.w3.org/MarkUp/Group/) (members only (http://cgi.w3.org/MemberAccess/AccessRequest)) as part of the W3C HTML Activity (http://www.w3.org/MarkUp/). The goals of the HTML Working Group are discussed in the HTML Working Group charter (http://www.w3.org/MarkUp/2000/Charter). The W3C staff contact for work on HTML is Masayasu Ishikawa (mailto:mimasa@w3.org).
Public discussion of HTML takes place on www-html@w3.org (mailto:www-html@w3.org) (archive (http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-html/)). To subscribe send an email to www-html-request@w3.org (mailto:www-html-request@w3.org) with the word subscribe in the subject line.
请您将文档的错误发送到如下地址www-html-editor@w3.org (mailto:www-html-editor@w3.org) (archive (http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-html-editor/)). The list of known errors (http://www.w3.org/2001/05/REC-xhtml11-20010531-errata) in this specification is available at http://www.w3.org/2001/05/REC-xhtml11-20010531-errata.
The English version of this specification is the only normative version. Information about translations of this document (http://www.w3.org/MarkUp/translations) is available at http://www.w3.org/MarkUp/translations.
A list of current W3C Recommendations and other technical documents can be found at http://www.w3.org/TR (http://www.w3.org/TR).
快速索引
- 1. 绪言 (http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/xhtml11.html#s_intro)
- 2. Conformance Definition (http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/xhtml11.html#s_conform)
- 3. XHTML 1.1 文档类型 (http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/xhtml11.html#s_doctype)
- A. 相对于XHTML 1.0 Strict的改变 (http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/xhtml11.html#a_changes)
- B. 参考内容 (http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/xhtml11.html#a_refs)
- C. XHTML 1.1 文档定义 (http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/xhtml11.html#a_xhtml11_dtd)
- D. 感谢 (http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/xhtml11.html#a_acks)
Full Table of Contents
- 1. Introduction (http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/xhtml11.html#s_intro)
- 2. Conformance Definition (http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/xhtml11.html#s_conform)
- 2.1. Document Conformance (http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/xhtml11.html#doccont)
- 2.1.1. Strictly Conforming Documents (http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/xhtml11.html#strict)
- 2.2. User Agent Conformance (http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/xhtml11.html#uaconf)
- 3. The XHTML 1.1 Document Type (http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/xhtml11.html#s_doctype)
- A. Changes from XHTML 1.0 Strict (http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/xhtml11.html#a_changes)
- B. References (http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/xhtml11.html#a_refs)
- B.1. Normative References (http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/xhtml11.html#a_normrefs)
- B.2. Informative References (http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/xhtml11.html#a_inforefs)
- C. XHTML 1.1 Document Type Definition (http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/xhtml11.html#a_xhtml11_dtd)
- C.1. SGML Open Catalog Entry for XHTML 1.1 (http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/xhtml11.html#a_xhtml11_catalog)
- C.2. XHTML 1.1 Driver (http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/xhtml11.html#a_xhtml11_driver)
- C.3. XHTML 1.1 Customizations (http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/xhtml11.html#a_xhtml11_customization)
- D. Acknowledgements (http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/xhtml11.html#a_acks)
1. Introduction
This section is normative.
With the introduction of the XHTML family of modules and document types, the W3C has helped move the Internet content-development community from the days of malformed, non-standard markup into the well formed, valid world of XML [XML (http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/xhtml11.html#ref_xml)]. In XHTML 1.0, this move was moderated by a goal of providing for easy migration of existing, HTML 4 (or earlier) based content to XHTML and XML. With the advent of the XHTML modules defined in Modularization of XHTML, the W3C has removed support for deprecated elements and attributes from the XHTML family. These elements and attributes were largely presentation oriented functionality that is better handled via style sheets or client-specific default behavior.
Going forward, XHTML family document types will be based upon this new, more structural functional collection. In this specification, the W3C's HTML Working Group has defined an initial document type based solely upon modules. This document type is designed to be portable to a broad collection of client devices, and applicable to the majority of Internet content. Content developers who base their content upon the functionality expressed in this specification can be confident that it will be consistently portable across XHTML family conforming user agents.
2. Conformance Definition
This section is normative.
The keywords "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in [RFC2119 (http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/xhtml11.html#ref_RFC2119)].
2.1. Document Conformance
This version of XHTML provides a definition of strictly conforming XHTML documents, which are restricted to elements and attributes from the XHTML namespace.
2.1.1. 严格服从标准的文档
一个严格符合标准的XHTML 1.1文档只可以拥有此技术规范所描述的特性。 如，文档必须拥有以下内容:
文档必须遵从Appendix C (http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/xhtml11.html#a_xhtml11_dtd)的规定。
文档的根标签必须是<html>。
文档的根标签必须使用xmlns属性标记出XHTML的命名空间[XMLNAMES (http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/xhtml11.html#ref_xmlns)]。XHTML的命名空间是 "http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml".
文档在根标签之前必须拥有DOCTYPE声明。现在，在DOCTYPE声明中公共标识DTD必须参照Appendix C (http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/xhtml11.html#a_xhtml11_dtd)的正式标识。系统的标识可能会进行适当的修改。
<!DOCTYPE
html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.1//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/DTD/xhtml11.dtd">
这里是个遵循XHTML 1.1标准的文档：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.1//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/DTD/xhtml11.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" >
<head>
<title>Virtual Library</title>
</head>
<body>
Moved to <a href="http://vlib.org/">vlib.org</a>.
</body>
</html>
注意，本示例包含了XML声明。示例中的XML声明没有必要出现在所有的XML文档中。但我们强烈鼓励XHTML程序员为他们的每一个文档加入声明。当文档的encoding不是默认的UTF-8或UTF-16的时候，声明是必须的。
2.2. User Agent Conformance
A conforming user agent must meet all user agent conformance requirements defined in [XHTMLMOD (http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/xhtml11.html#ref_xhtml_modularization)].
3. The XHTML 1.1 Document Type
This section is normative.
The XHTML 1.1 document type is a fully functional document type with rich semantics. It is not, however, as varied in functionality as the XHTML 1.0 Transitional or Frameset document types. These document types defined many presentational components that are better handled through style sheets or other similar mechanisms. Moreover, since the XHTML 1.1 document type is based exclusively upon the facilities defined in the XHTML modules [XHTMLMOD (http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/xhtml11.html#ref_xhtml_modularization)], it does not contain any of the deprecated functionality of XHTML 1.0 nor of HTML 4. Despite these exceptions, or perhaps because of them, the XHTML 1.1 document type is a solid basis for future document types that are targeted at varied user agent environments.
The XHTML 1.1 document type is made up of the following XHTML modules. The elements, attributes, and minimal content models associated with these modules are defined in "Modularization of XHTML" [XHTMLMOD (http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/xhtml11.html#ref_xhtml_modularization)]). The elements are listed here for information purposes, but the definitions in "Modularization of XHTML" should be considered definitive. In the on-line version of this document, the module names in the list below link into the definitions of the modules within the current version of "Modularization of XHTML".
Structure Module (http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml-modularization/abstract_modules.html#s_structuremodule)*
body, head, html, title
Text Module (http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml-modularization/abstract_modules.html#s_textmodule)*
abbr, acronym, address, blockquote, br, cite, code, dfn, div, em, h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6, kbd, p, pre, q, samp, span, strong, var
Hypertext Module (http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml-modularization/abstract_modules.html#s_hypertextmodule)*
a
List Module (http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml-modularization/abstract_modules.html#s_listmodule)*
dl, dt, dd, ol, ul, li
Object Module (http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml-modularization/abstract_modules.html#s_objectmodule)
object, param
Presentation Module (http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml-modularization/abstract_modules.html#s_presentationmodule)
b, big, hr, i, small, sub, sup, tt
Edit Module (http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml-modularization/abstract_modules.html#s_editmodule)
del, ins
Bidirectional Text Module (http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml-modularization/abstract_modules.html#s_bdomodule)
bdo
Forms Module (http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml-modularization/abstract_modules.html#s_extformsmodule)
button, fieldset, form, input, label, legend, select, optgroup, option, textarea
Table Module (http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml-modularization/abstract_modules.html#s_tablemodule)
caption, col, colgroup, table, tbody, td, tfoot, th, thead, tr
Image Module (http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml-modularization/abstract_modules.html#s_imagemodule)
img
Client-side Image Map Module (http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml-modularization/abstract_modules.html#s_imapmodule)
area, map
Server-side Image Map Module (http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml-modularization/abstract_modules.html#s_servermapmodule)
Attribute ismap on img
Intrinsic Events Module (http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml-modularization/abstract_modules.html#s_intrinsiceventsmodule)
Events attributes
Metainformation Module (http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml-modularization/abstract_modules.html#s_metamodule)
meta
Scripting Module (http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml-modularization/abstract_modules.html#s_scriptmodule)
noscript, script
Stylesheet Module (http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml-modularization/abstract_modules.html#s_stylemodule)
style element
Style Attribute Module (http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml-modularization/abstract_modules.html#s_styleattributemodule) Deprecated
style attribute
Link Module (http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml-modularization/abstract_modules.html#s_linkmodule)
link
Base Module (http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml-modularization/abstract_modules.html#s_basemodule)
base
XHTML also uses the Ruby Annotation module as defined in [RUBY (http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/xhtml11.html#ref_ruby)]:
Ruby Annotation Module
ruby, rbc, rtc, rb, rt, rp
There are no additional definitions required by this document type. An implementation of this document type as an XML DTD is defined in Appendix C (http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/xhtml11.html#a_xhtml11_dtd).
