发信人: mydea (请多关照), 信区: DotNET
标 题: 用VB.NET做个时钟
发信站: BBS 水木清华站 (Sat Dec 15 01:10:58 2001)
是使用GDI+画图的例子
本章最后的综合实例是一个模拟时钟。程序运行时，窗体中模拟一个真实的时钟那样显示当前的时间。
本程序使用了面向对象的编程方法，由于时针（HourHand）、分针（MinuteHand）和秒针（SecondHand）包含相似的属性和方法，我们生成一个针（Hand）类作为它们共同的基类，提供共有的类成员。下面是定义Hand类的代码：
Public MustInherit Class Hand
Protected gp As GraphicsPath = New GraphicsPath()
Protected gpBase As GraphicsPath = Nothing
Protected midX As Integer = 150 ‘默认的窗体
Protected midY As Integer = 150 ‘中心位置
‘构造器，得到窗体中心位置
Public Sub New(ByVal theForm As Form1)
midX = (theForm.ClientRectangle.Left + theForm.ClientRectangle.Right) / 2
midY = (theForm.ClientRectangle.Top + theForm.ClientRectangle.Bottom) / 2
End Sub
MustOverride Sub Transform(ByVal d As DateTime)
‘绘制指针路径
Overridable Sub Draw(ByVal g As Graphics)
Dim aPen As Pen = New Pen(Brushes.Black, 4F)
g.DrawPath(aPen, gp)
g.FillPath(Brushes.Black, gp)
aPen.Dispose()
End Sub
‘使用矩阵实现路径（gp）的旋转
Public Sub Rotate(ByVal angle As Double)
gp = CType(gpBase.Clone(), GraphicsPath)
Dim mTransform As Matrix = New Matrix()
mTransform.RotateAt(CType(angle,Single),NewPointF(midX,midY))
gp.Transform(mTransform)
End Sub
End Class
为了节省篇幅，上面的代码省略了引入命名空间的语句。
下面是分针（MinuteHand）类的定义：
Public Class MinuteHand
Inherits Hand
‘构造器，生成绘制分针的路径（gp）
Public Sub New(ByVal myForm As Form1)
MyBase.New(myForm)
gp.AddLine(midX, midY, midX, 45)
gp.AddLine(midX, 45, midX - 3, 50)
gp.AddLine(midX - 3, 50, midX + 3, 50)
gp.AddLine(midX + 3, 50, midX, 45)
gpBase = CType(gp.Clone(), GraphicsPath)
End Sub
‘Transform方法取得系统当前时间，并旋转时钟指针。
Public Overrides Sub Transform(ByVal d As DateTime)
Dim minuteTime As Double = (CDbl(d.Minute) + CDbl(d.Second / 60))
Dim angle As Double = (CDbl(minuteTime) / 60) * 360
Rotate(angle)
End Sub
End Class
对所有的指针旋转的方法都是相同的，因此在基类中实现。由于时针和秒针的实现与分针相似，所不同者，只在于构造器中绘制的指针路径不同和Transform方法中转动的角度不同，在这里就不在赘述了。
另外还需要提一下的是画时钟表面的代码，时钟表面用ClockFace类来实现。这个类首先画一个圆代表时钟，然后画上米老鼠的图案，最后在相应的位置画上数字1～12代表12个小时。
Public Sub Draw(ByVal g As Graphics)
DrawClockFace(g)
DrawImage(g)
DrawNumbers(g)
DrawPin(g)
End Sub
下面是ClockFace类的属性：
Private ClockRectangle As Rectangle
Private ClockFont As Font = New Font("Arial", 12)
Private midPoint As Point
Private ClockImage As Bitmap
Private Const IMAGEX As Integer = 50
Private Const IMAGEY As Integer = 50
DrawClockFace方法用来画时钟表面：
Private Sub DrawClockFace(ByVal g As Graphics)
g.FillEllipse(Brushes.White, ClockRectangle.Left + 10, ClockRectangle.Top + 10, ClockRectangle.Width - 20, ClockRectangle.Height - 20)
g.DrawEllipse(Pens.Black, ClockRectangle.Left + 10, ClockRectangle.Top + 10, ClockRectangle.Width - 20, ClockRectangle.Height - 20)
End Sub
然后用Graphics对象的DrawImage方法画出米老鼠的图片：
Private Sub DrawImage(ByVal g As Graphics)
Dim nWidth As Integer = ClockImage.Width
Dim nHeight As Integer = ClockImage.Height
Dim destRect As Rectangle = New Rectangle(midPoint.X - IMAGEX / 2, midPoint.Y - IMAGEY / 2, IMAGEX, IMAGEY)
g.DrawImage(ClockImage, destRect)
End Sub
数字在时钟上的位置是用sin和cos函数计算的：
Private Sub DrawNumbers(ByVal g As Graphics)
Dim count As Integer = 1
Dim a As Double
For a = 0 To 2 * Math.PI Step 2 * Math.PI / 12
Dim x As Double = (ClockRectangle.Width - 70) / 2 * Math.Cos(a - Math.PI / 3) + (ClockRectangle.Width - 70) / 2 + 25
Dim y As Double = (ClockRectangle.Width - 70) / 2 * Math.Sin(a - Math.PI / 3) + (ClockRectangle.Width - 70) / 2 + 20
g.DrawString(Convert.ToString(count), ClockFont, Brushes.Black, CType(x, Single), CType(y, Single), New StringFormat())
count += 1
Next
End Sub
最后是窗体文件（Form1.vb）:
Public Class Form1
Inherits System.Windows.Forms.Form
Private MyMinuteHand As MinuteHand
Private MyHourHand As HourHand
Private MySecondHand As SecondHand
Private TheClockFace As ClockFace
Private FirstTick As Boolean = False
‘在窗体的OnPaint事件中取得Graphics对象
Protected Overrides Sub OnPaint(ByVal e As System.Windows.Forms.PaintEventArgs)
If (FirstTick = False) Then Exit Sub
Dim g As Graphics = e.Graphics
TheClockFace.Draw(g)
MyHourHand.Draw(g)
MyMinuteHand.Draw(g)
MySecondHand.Draw(g)
TheClockFace.DrawPin(g)
End Sub
‘计时器事件
Private Sub Timer1_Tick(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles Timer1.Tick
MySecondHand.Transform(DateTime.Now)
MyHourHand.Transform(DateTime.Now)
MyMinuteHand.Transform(DateTime.Now)
FirstTick = True
Invalidate()
‘此方法继承自Control类，使控件失效而导致窗体重绘（即再次调用OnPaint事件）
End Sub
End Class
注意要在Form1类的构造器中键入下列代码：
MyMinuteHand = New MinuteHand(Me)
MyHourHand = New HourHand(Me)
MySecondHand = New SecondHand(Me)
TheClockFace = New ClockFace(ClientRectangle)
在Dispose方法中键入
timer1.Start()
图13－9为程序执行时显示的效果：
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※ 来源:·BBS 水木清华站 smth.org·[FROM: 162.105.106.97]
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