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Here are items that you use in declaring elements: name:  use this to declare what will be the name of the element in instance             documents. ref:  use this to refer-to an element declaration. type:  use this to declare the datatype of the element's value in instance           documents. id:  use this to associate a unique identifier to the element component.  This id has no representation in the instance document.  It is purely  internal to the schema.  The type of this value must be xsd:ID. form:  use this to override elementFormDefault (which is specified on the schema  element).  There are two possible values - qualified or unqualified.  If form is assigned the value qualified then the element must be  namespace-qualified in instance documents. abstract: use this to indicate that the element is only a placeholder for other elements  which are in its substitutionGroup.  The default value for abstract is false block:  use this to prohibit this element from being replaced by an element in its  substitutionGroup, or prohibit this element's type from being replaced by a  derived type. default:  use this to give the element a default value. fixed:  use this to give the element a fixed (constant) value. minOccurs: use this to specify the minimum number of times that the element may  occur in an instance document. The default value for minOccurs is 1. maxOccurs: use this to specify the maximum number of times that the element may  occur in an instance document. The default value for maxOccurs is 1.  Note:           the value for minOccurs must be less than or equal to maxOccurs. nillable: use this to assert that if there's no value available for the element then in  the instance document we indicate it with the xsi:null attribute. The default  value for nillable is false. substitutionGroup: use this to indicate that this element can substitute for the element  identified by the substitutionGroup